Turbine plant



Dec.- 8, 1936. I A. HNscHKE TURBINE PLANT Filed Deo. 21, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 n m a,

Dec.'s,1936. Y A. HNSCHKE 2,063,094

A .TURBINE PLANT Dec. s, 1936. A HNSCHKE 2,063,09@

. TURBINE PLANT Filednec. 21', 1954 s sheets-sheet s Lager Mn/:wxs

Patented Dec. 8, -1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,os3,o`94 TUBBINE PLANT Albert Hnschke, Kiel, Germany, assigner to Fried. Krupp Germaniawerft Aktiengesellschaft, Kiel-Gaarden, Germany Application December 21, 1934,ser1siiNo. 758,642

In Germany January 9, 1934 Claims. (Cl. 60-70) 'I'he invention relates to turbine plants, in pardlvidual nozzle groups of the one turbine part, ticular for ships, of the kind having a double Figure 3 is a representation similar to that oi ow high pressure turbine in which the two parts Figure 1 andl shows the second embodiment, in

lof the high pressure turbine,wh ich at high speed which only the one part of the high pressure 5 are arranged in parallel, are connected so as to turbine comprises a Curtis wheel forming Athe 5 be traversed in series when the vessel is to travel rst stage, at low speeds only, as described in my co-pending Figure 4 is a representation likewise similar to application Serial Number 712,045, led February that of Figure 1 and shows the third embodiment 19, 1934. At small loads and low speeds of revoof the invention, in which the two :parts of the l lution.this affords the advantage of a lower double flow high` pressure turbine have equal 10 specic steam consumption, that is, a better numbers of stages, the stages being distributed on economy of the plant being obtained. two casings,

In this arrangement the economy of the tur- Figure 5 iS a IS-diagram (heat Content-ev.- v bine plant may be further improved bya partropy) and shows.' with the two' parts 0f the i5 ticular construction of the last stages of the high high Pressure turbine arranged in Series, the diS- 15 pressure turbine parts. For, the last stage of tribution of the fall at the individual stages and the turbine part, which at low speeds, with the the prot in utilized fall obtained -by the greater series connection is traversed last, has to operate number'of Stages of the last traversed Part aewith a comparatively large vfall. With the low oording to the first embodiment.

number of revolutions corresponding to cruising 'I'he embodiment represented in Figures 1 and 20 speed this results in an unfavorably high velocity 2 will be described rst. of ow of the steam relatively to, the peripherall The live Steam piping leads through the StOP velocity, which impairs the eiliciency of this last Valves 5 and 6, which are arranged in parallel, stage. l i to the nozzle chambers 'l and 8 of the -two parts The present invention has now for its object, 9 and l0 0f the high pressure turbine i. which 25 when the two high pressure parts of such a turchambers are separated from one another. In bine plant are connected in series, to improve the nozzle chambers 'l and 8 are arranged, rethe eiiiciency of the last stage or stages of the Speotively, several nozzle groups 1a. 1b and 8a. last traversed vpart and thus to increase stilll 3b. to which Steam may be Supplied e-lSO in- /f further the economy of the whole plant. To this dividually. The nozzle group 1b does not show so end the'invention provides that the two parts of in the drawings, but is the same aS the group 8b. the high pressure turbine, which at high speed The nozzle groups 8a and V8b which correspond are' arranged in parallel as to the ow of the to the nozzle groups 1a and 1b. are illustrated in steam, are designed so that each of the last Figure 2. According to the inventionin this emstages of the part last traversed by thef steam, bodiment the one turbine part, I0, has more Jwith the series connection, operates with asmallstages than thepart 9. 'I'he individual stages er i'all in heat than the corresponding-last stages are denoted by the reference numbers 0f the reof the other part. This result is obtained. by' a' i spective turbine parts and the indices a. b. e. d. e. corresponding distribution of the whole fall on the that is; by 9a. 9b. 9e, 9d and. respectively. "la, i 0b,

o variousstages, which i'all is the same for the two 10e, "ld, Iller The exhaust pipes of the two parte y,

. turbine parte; for example, by providing a great- 9 and I0 arevdenoted by Il and I2. A stop valve er number, of stages in the turbine part last 2l is provided in the piping attached to the extraversed by the steam. haust pipe Il.. 'Ihe latter, in addition, by means In order that the invention may be clearly urrof a two-way valve 20 is in connection with either derstood and easily carried'into effect, three conthe nozzle chamber 23, see Figure 2, through a 45 structional embodiments of the same are illusconduit 24 or through a conduit 22 situated beside trated in the -accompanying drawings by way of the former, with the wheel chamber I8 which is example. In these drawings situated in front of the second stage of the tur- Figure 1 isr a longitudinal section of a do'uble bine part i0. flow high pressure turbine the one part of At low'speeds the turbine part l0' is now tra- 50 which has a greater number of stages than the versed after the part 9 in the manner indicated vother part, and show the flrst embodiment of in principle in the aforesaid application Ser. No. `\theinvention,\ 712,045, lthe valves 6 and 2l .being closed, while Figure2 is a cross section of this turbine on the valves 5are opened,the arrangement of which 55 the line'lI-lI-of Figure 1 and shows the incorresponds to that -of'the valves 6 lillustrated 55 in Figure v2. 'Ihe regulation of the steam consumption is established by a corresponding adjustment of the valves 5, only one of the nozzle groups 1a or 1b, of the first-traversed turbine part 9, if required, being fed with steam. The steam passes through the part 9 and thence is led according to the position of the two-way valve 20 through either the conduit 24 to the 23 or, if desired, without traversing the mst stage Ia of the last traversed turbine part III, which in this case runs idle, through the conduit 22 directlyto the wheel chamber I8. lhe steam thence through the exhaust pipe I2 and the piping attached thereto enters the subsequent turbine.

In the JS diagram oi' Figure 5 is illustrated the course of the state of steam in a high pressure turbine constructed in accordance with the iflrstdescribed embodiment. If the last stage is not divided, that is,-if the turbine parts 9 and II! are symmetrical, the course of the would be as marked by the dotted line. The fall o! heat denoted by g constitutes the prot in utilized fall obtained by this embodiment of the invention. y e

In the second example, Figure 3, only the part 9, which at low speeds is traversed first, comprises a Curtis twheel which forms the flrst stage 9a. As to the construction of the further stages, this second embodiment-corresponds to that described. In this case, however, also at high speed the total quantity of steam is led ilrst through the first stage 9a of the turbine part 9 and thence is divided and traverses in parallel flow the two parts 9 and IIJ. For the pzssage of a portion of the steam from the Curtis sstage to the turbine part I0 the conduit 26,'Figure 3, is used. To this end the valve 21 of this conduit is opened, whilst when the turbine parts 9 and III are connected in series it must be closed. Furthermore, all nozzle'chambers of the part I0 with the appertaining nozzle groups and feed conduits are dispensed with in this lembodiment.

The third embodiment represented in Figure 4 illustrates the invention as applied to a doubleilow high pressure turbine which comprises a great number of stages and for constructional reasons is subdivided so as to comprise, in addition to the two parts 9 and I0 in a rst casing, still two further parts I3, I4, each consisting` of several stages and lodged in another casing 2 llikewise in .double flow arrangement. One part of the one casing thus co-operates with one of the parts of the other casing and the two associated parts 9, I3 and IB; I4 in common operate with the same total fall, according to the principle of the invention. The distribution of the fall according to the invention is obtained here by the feature, that the ilrst stage 10a, formed by a Curtis wheel, of the part I0 of the high pressure turbine, which part at low speeds is traversed last, is dimensioned for operation with a greater fall of heat, when running in parallel arrangement, than the corresponding first stage 9a of the other part 9, which stage likewise is formed by "a Curtis wh'eel. Therefore, each of the last stages of the .part I4 operates with a smaller fall than the corresponding last stages of the part I3. When leaving the'last stage of the parts 9 and I0 of the first casing, the steam may be in different state, since it is supplied from the outlet branches II and I2 in separate currents to the parts I3 and I4 of the second casing. It is only when leaving the last stage o'! these state of steam turbine parts I3 and I4 that the two steam currents must be in the same end state.

In this third embodiment the pipe 25 provided for the series connection of the two co-operat-A ing turbine parts 9, I3 and I0, I4, respectively, is branched off fromthe outlet socket I5 of the part I3 and again leads, according to the position of the two-way valve 20, through either the passageway 24 to the nozzle chamber 23 ox-.through the passageway 22 part I0.

The diierentsubdivision into individual stages of the two parts of the double flow turbine results with parallel arrangement of the two parts, that is, at high speed of the vessel, .which occurs only rarely, in somewhat different emciency of the two parts. This has, however, only quite a trifiing iniluence on the total efficiency of the plant. When the two turbine parts are connected in series, however, that is, at cruising speed, which occurs much more frequently, the invention results in a further increase of the high economy of the turbine plant, which is obtained to a large extent by the arrangement according to the aforesaid application.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a steam turbine plant, particularly for a ships power plant, a double i'low high pressure turbine comprising two parts having common supply and exhaust conduits, whereby thesteam flows in parallel streams through said parts and the ttal heat drop across both parts is equal; and means for connecting said two parts in series for low speeds, said turbine parts being designed so that the heat drop per stage is smaller in the last stages of the turbine part last traversed by to the wheel chamber of the the steam, in the series connection, than the heat traversed by the steam, in series connection, having a'fgreater number Vof stages than the other turbine part.

3. In a steam turbine plant, particularly for a ships power plant; a double flow high pressure turbine comprising part which includes a Curtis wheel and a second part which has no Curtis wheel; means for connecting said parts in parallel, including means for conducting part of the exhaust steam from said Curtis wheel to the supply end of said second part; and means for connecting said parts in series, with said second part behind said rst part; said turbine parts being designed so that the heat drop per stage is smaller in the last stages of said second part than in the corresponding stages of said ilrst part.

4. In a steam turbine plant, particularly for a ships power plant; a double flow high pressure turbine comprisingtwo parts, namely, a nrst part which includes a Curtis wheel and a second Ypart part; and means series, with said part; said second turbine part having s larger ports. and means connecting the parts of the number or stages than said rst part has behind '-rst ot said casings respectively with the parts ssidcurtiswheel. oi'thesecondotsaidcasings,sothateachpoir. 5. A steam turbine plant as described in e1aimso connected forms a complete part of the double 5 1, wherein said high pressure turbine comprises ow high pressure turbine.

5 two double flow casincs each composed of two l ALBERT HNSCHKE. 

